The Summer Palace in Beijing is one of the most beautiful and largest historical structures in China. This palace is 270 years old and is located 15 kilometers from the center of Beijing. The Summer Palace is also known as the Royal Museum Garden due to its incredibly beautiful scenery. Join us to learn more about the Summer Palace in Beijing, China.
Introducing Beijing Summer Garden in China
Introducing the Beijing Summer Palace in China unveils one of the most captivating ensembles of gardens, palaces, and lakes. This magnificent complex, spanning 2.9 square kilometers, is situated in the northwest of China and stands as a spectacular example of imperial garden architecture worldwide. Originally constructed during the Qing Dynasty, the palace was later expanded during the feudal empire era. Stepping into the Beijing Summer Palace feels like entering another realm. Once a haven of peace and prosperity for the Chinese royal family, it now delights and enchants tourists. The design of the palace complex draws inspiration from natural patterns, showcasing stunning examples of Chinese-style gardens. The grounds of the Beijing Summer Palace feature one-story and multi-story mansions crafted in authentic Chinese architectural styles, adorned with traditional decorations, symbols, and breathtaking sculptures. Notably, in 1861, Victor Hugo likened this garden to the Greek Parthenon temple and bestowed upon it the title of “1001 dreams of 1001 nights.”
During Beijing’s hot summers, Chinese emperors and their families sought refuge in this exquisite garden. Historically and culturally significant, the Beijing Summer Palace is renowned for its diverse features and stunning natural scenery—comprising hills, lakes, palaces, flowers, and tombs. In 1961, it was designated a national center for historical monument preservation. Subsequently, in 1998, it was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Moreover, the Beijing Summer Palace was ranked among the top 5 tourist attractions in the world in 2007.
History of the Summer Palace in Beijing
The history of the Summer Palace in Beijing traces back to 1707 when it was known as Yuan Ming Yuan (Gardens of Perfect Brightness). Initially, this complex was bestowed upon the Kangxi Emperor’s fourth son, Yinzhen, who later ascended the throne as Emperor Yongzheng. During his reign, the Summer Palace underwent significant expansion. Three major gardens—Yuanming, Changchun, and Kitchun—were added, expanding the complex to 2.9 square kilometers, eight times the size of the Vatican. The Chinese emperors used the palace as both an administrative center and a retreat, spending considerable time at the Beijing Summer Palace.
In 1860, amid the Second Opium War, the British and French forces invaded the Summer Palace along with Beijing, leading to its destruction. The invading armies pillaged and looted the palace, causing extensive damage. Ultimately, under the orders of British High Commissioner Earl Elgin VIII, the Summer Palace was set ablaze, a fire that lasted for three days. The once magnificent palace was reduced to ruins.
In 1888, Empress Dowager Cixi, who ruled China from 1861 to 1908, misappropriated around 1.5 million kilograms of silver from the naval budget to fund the reconstruction of the Summer Palace in Beijing. In 1900, during the Boxer Rebellion, allied forces once again attacked the palace, resulting in further damage. However, the complex was restored within two years.
Finally, in 1924, the Beijing Summer Palace Garden was opened to the public. In 1998, this historic site was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Notably, it was also the first Chinese national tourist destination to receive the prestigious AAAAA rating.
Beijing Summer Palace Garden Architecture
The architecture of Beijing Summer Palace Garden is a combination of ancient Chinese gardens and Eastern and Western art. This garden is divided into four general sections, which include the following:
- Front Area of Longevity Hill: The location of most mansions and landmarks of the Summer Palace
- Rear Area of Longevity Hill: includes wonderful nature and a unique view of all kinds of green plants and winding paths in the heart of nature
- Kunming Lake Area: The largest part of the Beijing Summer Palace complex, full of beautiful nature scenes.
- Court Area: The place where government affairs are reviewed by the emperor and his ministers
Also, in terms of usage, this large garden has three separate sections for political activities, a residential area, and a place for recreation and entertainment. The political part is the hall of benevolence and longevity. Political and diplomatic affairs have been held in these halls.
The residential area houses the Halls of Happiness and Longevity, which were the residences of Queen Tzu Shi and Emperor Kang Shi. The entertainment section includes Kunming Lake, long corridor, longevity hill, marble boat, balance and piety garden.
Summer Palace attractions in Beijin
One of the notable attractions within the Summer Palace in Beijing is the Eastern Palace, which serves as the main entrance to the palace complex. The gate of the Eastern Palace is adorned with two impressive bronze lion statues, symbolizing strength and protection. This entrance marks the beginning of a journey into the rich history and architectural beauty of the Summer Palace.
Benevolence Hall
During the Qianlong Emperor’s reign, the hall was known as the “Hall of Good Government,” where court sessions and administrative matters were conducted.
Jade Billunds Hall
To the west of the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity, there is a hall that used to serve as the residence for emperors of the Qing Dynasty. This hall was an important living quarters for the imperial family within the Summer Palace complex.
Sidewalk or Long Corridor
The 700-meter-long walkway, constructed in the mid-18th century, is a prominent feature within the Summer Palace complex. This scenic pathway showcases approximately 1,400 exquisite paintings along its length, providing a captivating visual experience for visitors. Tourists can leisurely stroll along this walkway, marveling at the intricate and stunning paintings that adorn its walls, offering a glimpse into the artistic heritage of the Qing Dynasty and the cultural richness of the Summer Palace.
96 meter stone boat
Today, within the Beijing Summer Palace complex, stands a 96-meter-long marble stone boat. Prior to the fire of 1860, there was originally a wooden boat occupying this spot.
Additionally, the hills surrounding the Summer Palace in Beijing include Fragrant Hill, Longevity Hill, and Jade Spring Hill. The gardens within this expansive complex encompass a variety of themed areas, such as the Garden of Harmonious Interests, Garden of Virtue and Harmony, Garden of Perfect Brightness, Garden of Eternal Spring, and Garden of Clear Ripples. Overall, the Beijing Summer Palace Garden features a plethora of captivating buildings and landscapes. Tourists are recommended to allocate at least half a day to fully explore and appreciate this remarkable sit.
Visit the Beijing Summer Palace
The best time to visit Beijing Summer Palace is summer. The entrance fees of different parts of this collection are different from each other. You have to pay a separate fee to see the interior. We recommend that you bring suitable walking shoes and a hat when visiting this collection.Beijing Summer Palace visiting hours: first half of the year every day from 6:30 to 6 pm, second half of the year every day from 7 am to 5 pm
Access to Beijing Summer Palace Garden
To access the Beijing Summer Palace Garden, you have several transportation options:
- Bus:
– Eastern Gate (Yiheyuan Station):
Take bus lines 303, 331, 332, 346, 508, 579, or 584 and alight at Yiheyuan station.
– Western Gate (Yiheyuan Ximen Station):
Take bus lines 469 or 539 and get off at Yiheyuan Ximen station (Yiheyuan West Gate).
- Subway:
– North Gate (Beigongmen):
Take Subway Line 4 to Beigongmen station. Exit from Exit D and walk for about 3 minutes to reach the north gate of the palace.
– West Gate
Take Subway Line 10 to Bagou from Yiheyuan Ximen station. After reaching Bagou station, walk for approximately 4 minutes to reach the west gate of the palace.
– East Gate:
Take Subway Line 4 or Line 16 to Xiyuan station. Exit from Exit C2 to reach the east gate of the Summer Palace.
These transportation options provide convenient access to different gates of the Summer Palace depending on your preferred entrance point. Choose the route that best suits your travel plans and enjoy your visit to this historic and picturesque site in Beijing.
Summary about Beijing Summer Palace
As mentioned, the Beijing Summer Palace is indeed one of the most magnificent and expansive palaces in the capital of China. Originally serving as the residence of the emperor and the royal family, this stunning palace complex has transformed into a spectacular tourist attraction today.
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